Negative cognitions and mood: This refers to thoughts and feelings related to blame, estrangement, and memories of the traumatic event.

The person may also suffer physical symptoms, such as increased blood pressure and heart rate, rapid breathing, muscle tension, nausea, and diarrhea.

Increased arousal: These include excessive emotions problems relating to others, including feeling or showing affection difficulty falling or staying asleep irritability outbursts of anger difficulty concentrating and being 'jumpy' or easily startled.

This can lead to feelings of detachment and isolation from family and friends, as well as a loss of interest in activities that the person once enjoyed.

Avoiding: The person may avoid people, places, thoughts, or situations that may remind them of the trauma.

They also may feel great distress when certain things remind them of the trauma, such as the anniversary date of the event. These may include flashbacks, hallucinations, and nightmares.

Reliving: People with PTSD repeatedly relive the ordeal through thoughts and memories of the trauma.

Symptoms of PTSD often are grouped into four main categories, including: Some people recover within 6 months, while others have it much longer.

The severity and duration of the illness can vary. In some cases, however, they don’t begin until years later. Symptoms of PTSD most often begin within 3 months of the event. People with PTSD have symptoms for longer than one month and can’t function as well as before the event that triggered it happened. For a person with PTSD, however, these feelings continue and even increase, becoming so strong that they keep the person from going about their life as expected. These reactions are common, and for most people, they go away over time. Most people who have a traumatic event will have reactions that may include shock, anger, nervousness, fear, and even guilt.

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